Monthly Archives: June 2013

New Generation 100G WDM Network Technology

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FS news, Huawei announced that, KPN International introduced the based on second generation of soft decision 100G WDM technology from Huawei. 100G signals transmitted from the existing network of Amsterdam to Paris, via Germany, transmission distance up to 1,400 km. Because the system has a great margin, and later at the end of the site added 300 km fibre, the signal is still being successfully transmitted. The successful launch marks the 100G technology entered into a new commercial era.

Soft-decision is the most leading optical signal powerful error correction technology, is the key of 100G technology to large-scale commercial. And the second generation of soft decision adopts oDSP module, developed for Huawei’s 400G technology, in essence is with 400G technology to enhance the performance of 100G, realizes the further optimisation of the FEC algorithm, achieve a lower damage in transmission performance, lower single-bit power consumption. Benefit from the breakthroughs in key technologies, compare to the first generation of soft-decision system, the second generation soft decision improves the transmission distance from 3000 km to 4000 km, the transmission performance is improved by 30%.

KPN International introduced the second generation of soft decision technology successfully, fully demonstrated the new generation 100G technology has matured, and also verified the Huawei 400G core modules maturity. KPN International began using Huawei next WDM system in pan-European wavelength division trunk in 2008, the network is one of Europe’s largest and most leading WDM networks, KPN International was the first to deploy Huawei coherent 100G WDM technology in 2011.

“Customer success is the constant pursuit of Huawei,” Huawei Transport Network Product Line CEO Wang Weibin said, “Huawei has long-term cooperation with leading operators such as KPN , to meet the needs of customers, and work with customers to open a window to the future.”

Huawei is the best partner for next-generation WDM network customers, so far, has builded over 90 100G commercial network. According to industry authority consulting company statistics, as the first quarter of 2013, Huawei continues to rank first in the global optical network market, ranks first in the global WDM/OTN market, ranks first in the global 100G and 40G market.

Alcatel-Lucent Strategic Regression May Lead to Distress

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After Nokia Siemens Networks, Alcatel-Lucent last week become the world’s second full-service telecommunications network equipment providers (NEP). The company is positing itself as industry experts, and announced it is adjusting the company’s strategic positioning and focusing on IP networks and mobile broadband access.
Market research firm Ovum principal analyst of Network Infrastructure, RonKlein has conducted some comments, he said:
“Alcatel-Lucent’s strategic shift only illustrates the fast evolution of the market which is dominated by the optical communication provider, and facing with the sieging of a growing number of Internet content providers and Western telecommunication network equipment providers. This will allow Alcatel-Lucent focuses on cloud and growing demand for bandwidth, a large Internet service provider.”
“From the perspective of the network infrastructure, this program will strengthen the R & D activities of Alcatel-Lucent in high-growth areas. However, quit the traditional technology market may be extremely difficult, and to find buyers for Submarine Network Solutions is likely subject to the regulatory obstacle.”
Ovum’s quarterly market share research shows that Alcatel – Lucent IP and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) product’s performance is quite good, but the decreasing income of synchronous digital hierarchy / synchronous optical network (SDH / SONET) and distributed control system (DCS) have resulted in rapid reduction in the income of the company’s profit margins and continues decreasing of the market share. Alcatel – Lucent is a the manufactures ranked third in the global switching and routing market, the company’s broadband access revenues declined 2d%, slightly higher than $ 1 billion.
Global broadband access market overall downward, and the current portion of the growth is most from China. In the past year, although the Alcatel – Lucent’s converged packet optical equipment (CPO) increase 15 percent, its optical networking equipment revenue plunged 28 percent likely to be the company’s biggest challenge for the company. In view of the traditional products and installation level of related customers, it is hard for the company to withdraw from the market. Alcatel – Lucent is caught in a similar dilemma in 2006 – at that time, the company adjusts product adjustments after the merger, but the customer outcry resulted in the plan did not take place.

“Prism” incident or Cause Cisco Business in China Fall

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At the time that Cisco involved in the “Prism” incident, the market research firm Synergy Research Group released data show that Cisco has beat IBM and HP and become the largest provider of IT products. While Cisco’s annual revenue in China has exceed 1.6Billion USD, accounting for 30% of the total profits.

Last week, former CIA employee Edward Snowden’s “prism leak door” is called reality version of American movies, handsome agent, glamorous pole dancing girlfriend, sophisticated state secrets, betrayal and exile, the Secret bureaucratic system and lies, cohabitation Kong, depressed black president, personal privacy and national conflicts of interest …… various elements are available, and some even have played a good title: “leaker Snowdon.”

This is the so called “Prism”, This is called “Prism”, the secret use of a super software to monitor Internet users and telephone records. Now, about a hero or a traitor Snowdon debate is still in progress, Snowden’s whereabouts is still pending. Apart from these troubles to see companies and industries involved, the stakes is obvious.

According to Snowden’s disclosing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, Apple, FaceBook, AOL, PalTalk, Skype, YouTube and other nine companies has been involved in espionage allegations, these companies are suspected to have open the servers to the U.S National Security Agency, allowing the government to easily monitor millions mails, instant calls and access of the data of millions of Internet users worldwide.

Subsequently, these companies strongly denied the charges. But by June 14, Facebook, Microsoft for the first time admitted that the U.S government did have asked for user data from them and they have published some of the information and data content in order to get rid of the morass “Prism door” as soon as possible.

At the same time, China domestic media has shifted the perspective of some U.S communication companies which may threat the national potential information security, such as Cisco because Snowdon exposed the NSA monitor Chinese network and computers via Cisco routers.

Allegedly, Cisco have participated almost all the large network projects, involving government, customs, postal services, banking, railways, civil civil aviation, medical, military and other critical sectors of network construction, as well as China Telecom, China Unicom and other telecom operators network infrastructure. China Telecom 163 and China Unicom 169 is the two of Chinese most important backbone networks, both of which has carries more than 80 percent of China’s Internet traffic. But in these two backbone network, Cisco accounted for more than 70% share, and dominated all the super-core nodes.

However, Cisco is the main supplier of equipment and network technology of American government and military communications. In 2006, the In 2006 the United States 115 government departments involved a “Cyber ​​Storm” network warfare exercises, Cisco is one of the designers of the important exercises. Therefore, security experts worry that once the war broke out, the U.S. government is likely to take advantage of Cisco products deployed worldwide to launch cyber warfare, the implement a fatal strike of their enemy.

Some fine moves of Chinese telecommunication operators may reflect this concern, In October last year, China Unicom completed 169 core backbone network node cluster router Wuxi relocation project, which is the communications industry’s first cluster of Cisco routers relocation project. This is likely to be a landmark event, indicating that China’s telecommunications companies have begun to address the issue of information security, and began to carry out the replacement of existing network equipment.

At the time that Cisco involved in the “Prism” incident, the market research firm Synergy Research Group released data shows, Cisco has beat IBM and HP and become the largest provider of IT products. While Cisco’s annual revenue in China has exceed 1.6Billion USD, accounting for 30% of the total profits. It can be expected, “prism” incident may make Cisco’s business in China clobbered. In addition to Cisco, it is anticipated Microsoft, Apple and other companies’ business in Chinese will also be affected.

In fact, at the time of the U.S blocked Huawei, ZTE last year, security experts had called on on the government should pay attention to our country’s network security issues. Therefore, I believe, in the rise of cloud computing and big data, the state the state has been increasing emphasis on network and information security at the time, “prism” incident is a bigger warning, perhaps the next will be on our network security legislation, the government , the central enterprises, the military and other domestic purchases made ​​explicit.

From the enterprise technical reserves point of view, China’s current level of communication technology has reached world standards, local businesses have been able to build a comprehensive bearer network and security operations. Therefore, the upgrade national information security strategy will not only be good for Huawei, ZTE and other communications equipment manufacturers, but also benefit the extensive companies involved in cloud computing, big data.

For example, the forthcoming cloud computing standards will likely pay more attention to security issues, which will enable local production of hardware and software, system integration and cloud computing platform provider usher in greater development space. Similarly, large with respect to data centre construction and maintenance, data processing, speech recognition, IT consulting, information security and other enterprises will usher in a huge business opportunity.

Published by FiberStore, industrial news – www.fs.com

Fiber Optic Patch Cable Of Cabling System Management

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For cabling, telecommunication rooms and equipment rooms are the convergence of three businesses including data, voice and image, and its importance is self-evident. So making great efforts in their overall design, equipment stereotypes, hardware configuration, maintenance and other aspects of construction. However, the construction side always tends to ignore the largest number of equipment maintenance and installation of security – fiber optic cables and fiber patch cables in the telecommunications rooms and equipment rooms. While ignoring the problem will bring us a lot of trouble to the machine room management therefore I believe that it is necessary to have proper fiber optic patch cord management operations.

In general, reasonable patch cables management can be divided into five processes: planning, preparation, wiring, testing and verification.

1. Planning

For patch cables management, should be prepared the requirements planning including present and future.

1.1 Change Requests. A variety of management activities, move, add or change (MAC) all began in the change requests. Change requests must contain all the necessary information about starting the planning procedures.

1.2 Search Records. After receiving the request table, searching the coping recording, in order to determine the circuit paths used.

1.3 Correct Routing. Before determine the correct length of fiber optic patch cord, we should first find out the best route between the ports. Usually the shortest route is passing from the horizontal and vertical cable. Moreover shall not obstruct or interfere with the other jumpers or connectors in the distribution frame. When select fiber optic patch cables, should avoid excessive laxity, ensure the appearance clean and tidy. Jumper too tight will increase the pulling force of connectors, whereas overwork slack will bring trouble to jumper management, increase the patch panel’s management difficulty.

2. Preparation

Before the implementation of management, you should do prepare as much as possible, to research the management records. Determine the label information of connection and reconnect port location and the relevant ports.

2.1 First check the require patch cable model, and then check the quality of the jumper. To ensure the quality of the jumper is correct, need to check whether the jumper is damaged. In order to check it is damaged or not, of course you can from the appearance of the jumper, if possible, use professional equipment to check.
2.2  Then check the situation of the require connecting portion, in order to avoid physical damage to the connection parts.
2.3  Finally need to clean the jumper joints and the connecting parts.

There are two ways available to clean the fiber connectors: contact and non-contact.

Contact Cleaning Method:
(1). Wiping paper and anhydrous alcohol, using raw wood pulp with special processing technology, ultra-low dust, pure texture, high performance water absorption, delicate, will not scratch the surface swabbed, with a low dust wipe with no water-alcohol wipe on fiber optic connectors;
(2). Non-woven fabric, does not produce lint, tough, without any chemical impurities, silky soft, does not cause allergic reactions, and not easy to fluff and hair loss, as the ideal choice for cleaning fiber optic connectors or pins on the production or testing, wipe fiber optical connector with no water-alcohol;
(3). Cleaning cotton swabs, specifically designed for ceramic casing internal cleaning or for cleaning the ferrule end face of the flange (or adapter) which is not easy reached;
(4). Professional cleaner, fiber optic connector special cleaner uses special cleaning wiping belt, mounted in a scramble enclosure, no alcohol, each cleaning is very effective and produces a new surface, convenient and practical.

Non-Contact Cleaning Method:

(1). Ultrasonic cleaning method, it replaces clean liquid into ultrasonic “column” to the connector end surface, and waste recycling and sucked clean in the same small space;
(2). High-pressure blowing method, its principle is at the connector end first coated with cleaning fluid, and then use high-pressure gas blowing at the connector end surface;

2.4 Check the fiber optic connector cleanliness

After finish cleaning fiber optic connectors, must check the terminated surface. General practice is to use a magnifying glass 100, 200 times or 400 times to check, the figure below shows the fiber end-face in a pure state and a contaminated state.

Patch cable management person, no matter using which method mentioned above, for some serious pollution or difficult to clean connectors, needs to use cotton swabs, alcohol and other cleaning fluid to handle.

After this series of preparatory work, it means the wiring work of patch cable management is to expand.

3. Wiring

Patch panel installation, should base on operational procedures to complete various stages of any work. Patch cable construction kinks, glitches, bad pinch and bad contact are likely to significantly reduce the jumper performance. To avoid such problems, you should focus on the following factors:

(1). Bending radius
The minimum bending radius jumper allows need to comply with the jumper manufacturer operating specifications.

Standard says, the minimum bend radius of unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable should be at four times as the diameter of fiber optic cable, shielded twisted-pair cable is as eight times as the diameter of fiber optic cable. The minimum bend radius of 2-core or 4-core horizontal cable is greater than 25mm, if the bending radius is smaller than this standard, it may lead to a change in the relative position of the wire, resulting in reduced transmission performance.

(2). Jumper tensile and stress
During wiring process, not excessive force, otherwise it may increase the stress on jumpers and connectors, resulting in decreased performance.

(3). Bundle
The jumper is not always needed bundling, if bundled strapping manufacturers need to comply with the principle, not tied too tight, otherwise it will cause a twisted pair variant. Do not over-tighten the clamp, the jumper should be able to freely rotate. Please use a dedicated product, consider choosing repeated use products without tools, such as nylon sticking with buckle belt.

4. Testing

Even after the jumper wiring completed, but may be that if the fiber links or copper links are in full compliance with operating specifications or cabling international and national standards. Then it should be fiber or copper testing, only in accordance with the testing standards, then can determine whether it passes the test standard.

5. Verification

(1). It is worth spending the time to the final visual inspection of the connection. Ensure that the jumper relaxation not knot, is not a cabinet door clamp.

(2). The final step is based on the existing configuration update records, close and have completed the change request related work orders.

Now the fiber optic cable is one of the most important components of integrated wiring system, especially good management operation of fiber jumpers in the data center project, is particularly prominent. Believe that as construction management personnel reasonably jumper management operates, will make the entire comprehensive wiring system become advanced, scientific, practical and reliable.

With the large number applications of 10G/40G/100G network in data center, on-site installation and management of fiber optic patch cable becomes increasingly important, the jumpers management sometimes affect the overall channel attenuation, good management ensures fiber channel data transmission in the most excellent condition, process-oriented operations such as planning, preparation, wiring, testing and verification have important significance to assurance the quality of the system.

Choose The Right Fibre Optic Tools For Cable Splicing And Terminating

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Correctly splicing and terminating fibre optic cable requires special tools and methods. Training is essential and there are many excellent causes of training available. Do not mix your electrical tools with your fibre tools. Use the right tools to do the job! Being experienced in fibre work will end up increasingly necessary because the importance of data transmission speeds, fibre towards the home and fibre to the premise deployments still increase.

Many factors set fibre installations apart from traditional electrical projects. Fibre optic glass is very fragile; it’s nominal outside diameter is 125 micron. The slightest scratch, mark or perhaps speck of dirt will affect the transmission of light, degrading the signal. Safety factors are important because you will work with glass that can sliver to your skin without being seen through the human eye. Transmission grade lasers are extremely dangerous, and require that protective eyewear is a must. This industry has primarily been coping with voice and data grade circuits that may tolerate some interruption or slow down of signal. The person speaking would repeat themselves, or even the data would retransmit. Today we are dealing with IPTV signals and customers who’ll not tolerate pixelization, or momentary locking from the picture. All the situations mentioned are reason for the client to look for another carrier. Each situation might have been avoided if proper attention was handed towards the techniques used when preparing, installing, and maintaining fibre optic cables.

Jacket Strippers are utilized to remove the 1.6 – 3.0mm PVC outer jacket on simplex and duplex fibre cables. Fibre Cutters will cut and trim the kevlar strength member directly underneath the jacket and Buffer Strippers will take away the acrylate (buffer) coating from the bare glass. A protective plastic coating is used to the bare fibre after the drawing process, but just before spooling. The most typical coating is really a UV-cured acrylate, that is applied in two layers, producing a nominal outside diameter of 250 micron for that coated fibre. The coating is highly engineered, providing protection against physical damage caused by environmental elements, such as humidity and temperature extremes, contact with chemicals, reason for stress… etc. whilst minimizing optical loss. Without it, the manufacturer wouldn’t be in a position to spool the fibre without breaking it. The 250 micron-coated fibre may be the building block for a lot of common fibre optic cable constructions. It is usually used as is, particularly when additional mechanical or environmental protection is not needed, for example inside of optical devices or splice closures. For additional physical protection and easy handling, a secondary coating of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or Hytrel (a thermoplastic elastomer that has desirable characteristics to be used as a secondary buffer) is extruded within the 250 micron-coated fibre, increasing the outside diameter as much as 900 micron. This kind of construction is called ‘tight buffered fibre’. Tight Buffered may be single or multi fibre and are observed in Premise Networks and indoor applications. Multi-fibre, tight-buffered cables often can be used for intra-building, risers, general building and plenum applications.

‘Loose tube fibre’ usually includes a bundle of fibres enclosed inside a thermoplastic tube referred to as a buffer tube, which has an inner diameter that is slightly larger than the diameter of the fibre. Loose tube fibre has a space for the fibres to grow. In a few climate conditions, a fibre may expand after which shrink over and over again or it may be exposed to water. Fibre Cables will sometimes have ‘gel’ within this cavity (or space) yet others that are labeled ‘dry block’. You will find many loose tube fibres in Outside Plant Environments. The modular design of loose-tube cables typically stands up to 12 fibres per buffer tube with a maximum per cable fibre count in excess of 200 fibres. Loose-tube cables can be all-dielectric or optionally armored. The armoring is used to protect the cable from rodents such as squirrels or beavers, or from protruding rocks in a buried environment. The modular buffer-tube design also permits easy drop-off of categories of fibres at intermediate points, without disturbing other protected buffer tubes being routed to other locations. The loose-tube design also helps in the identification and administration of fibres within the system. When protective gel is present, a gel-cleaner such as D-Gel will be needed. Each fibre will be cleaned with the gel cleaner and 99% alcohol. Clean room wipers (Kim Wipes) are a good choice to use with the soap. The fibres inside a loose tube gel filled cable will often have a 250 micron coating so that they tend to be more fragile than the usual tight-buffered fibre. Standard industry colour-coding can also be accustomed to identify the buffers along with the fibres in the buffers.

A ‘Rotary Tool’ or ‘Cable Slitter‘ can be used to slit a diamond ring around and thru the outer jacketing of ‘loose tube fibre’. Once you expose the durable inner buffer tube, you can use a ‘Universal Fibre Access Tool’ that is designed for single central buffer tube entry. Utilized on the same principle because the Mid Span Access Tool, (which allows access to the multicoloured buffer coated tight buffered fibres) dual blades will slit the tube lengthwise, exposing the buffer coated fibres. Fibre handling tools such as a spatula or perhaps a pick can help the installer to access the fibre in need of testing or repair. Once the damaged fibre is exposed a hand- stripping tool will be used to take away the 250 micron coating in order to work with the bare fibre. The next step is going to be cleaning the fibre end and preparing it to be cleaved. A great cleave is among the most important factors of manufacturing a low loss on the splice or a termination. A Fibre Optic Cleaver is really a multipurpose tool that measures distance in the end of the buffer coating enough where it will likely be joined also it precisely cuts the glass. Always remember to utilize a fibre trash-can for that scraps of glass cleaved from the fibre cable.

When performing fusion splicing you may need a Fusion Splicer, fusion splice protection sleeves, and isopropyl alcohol and stripping tools. If you are using a mechanical splice, you will need stripping tools, mechanical splices, isopropyl alcohol and a mechanical splice assembly tool. When hand terminating a fibre you will need 99% isopropyl alcohol, epoxy/adhesive, a syringe and needle, polishing (lapping) film, a polishing pad, a polishing puck, a crimp tool, stripping tools, fibre optic connectors (or splice on connectors) and piano wire.

Whenever a termination is complete you have to inspect the finish face of the connector having a Fibre Optic Inspection Microscope. Ensuring light is getting most likely through the splice or even the connection, a visible Fault Locator may be used. This piece of equipment will shoot a visible laser down the fibre cable so you can tell there are no breaks or faulty splices. If the laser light stops on the fibre somewhere, there’s most likely a break in the glass at that point. If you find more than a dull light showing in the connector point, the termination was not successful. The light should also pass through the fusion splice, if it does not, stop and re- splice or re-terminate.

Manufacturing Techniques of Fiber Optic Coupler

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Fiber optic coupler is a lively type of passive components, and its basic function would be to achieve the optical power and fiber wavelength distribution. Single-mode fiber coupler is a passive component of a very broad application in optical fiber communication systems, fiber optic sensors, fiber optic measurement techniques and signal processing systems.

We use electronic couplers constantly, like a telephone coupler which lets you connect both a mobile phone and a fax machine towards the same telephone line. Optical couplers have similar functionality as electronic couplers. They split the signal to multiple points(devices). Fiber optic couplers are needed for tapping(monitoring the signal quality) or even more complex telecommunication systems which require a lot more than simple point-to-point connections, for example ring architectures, bus architectures and star architectures.

Fiber optic couplers could be either passive or active devices. The difference between active and passive couplers is that a passive coupler redistributes the optical signal without optical-to-electrical conversion. Active couplers are electronics that split or combine the signal electrically and utilize fiber optic detectors and sources for input and output.

You will find majorly three kinds of manufacturing technologies for fiber optic coupler: micro optics, planar waveguide and fused-fiber. Micro optics technologies use individual optic elements such as prism, mirrors, lens etc to construct an optical route which functions like a coupler. This can be an expensive approach and never as common as the other two sorts. Planar waveguides are more like semiconductors, such as PLC splitters. A planar wafer is used to create waveguide couplers. They are more often employed for high port count couplers for instance 12, 24, and 36 output ports.

Fuse-fiber couplers or FBT couplers make use of the simplest material – optical fibers. Multiple fiber cores are melted together which let light transmit among them. Fused primary technique is to burn melt together two fiber optic and stretching to reach the core polymer optical coupling together. The most crucial being the fiber optic splicing equipment. Fiber optic splicing is also the most important step. While some significant steps may be within the machine OEM, but after fused, you have to manually package.

This method has certain advantages in the production efficiency and product performance. These days it is the primary method for manufacturing an optical fiber coupler. In this way, optical fiber coupler produced properties happen to be significantly improved than before. Nonetheless, with the big number of applications within the military, aerospace and other high-tech fields, the fiber coupler have become increasingly demanding for insertion loss flatness, polarization sensitivity, device reliability, bandwidth and power and other aspects of the work.

These practical needs coupled with the manufacturing process submits higher requirements in order to meet these requirements. Scientists have done lots of research in various manufacturing techniques.

Purchase Fibre Optic Transceiver Module On The Market

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There exist several small pluggable optical modules and network what to pick from available on the market. Fibre optic transceiver module both emit and receive optic signals together.

All fibre optic transceiver module must be made and created along the lines of the Multi-Source Agreement. Industry professionals make sure that modules are made under this strict agreement. You will notice when researching fibre optic transceiver module that they tend to be sectioned into groups by transmission speed rates. Each pluggable module supports ranges from 1 Gbps to 10 Gbps. You will be able to determine which works great for you according to rates that modules support.

You will locate a variety of optical modules that act at different speeds and ranges. There are XENPAK modules, XFP modules, X2 modules, GBIC modules, SFP modules, SFP+ modules, and BiDi XFP pluggables. Listed below is detailed data on just a couple.

fiber optic transceiver module

For example, the 10G BiDi XFP series transceivers are designed for bi-directional 10G serial optical data communications such as IEEE 802.3ae 10GBASE-BX by using 1330(1270) nm transmitter and 1270(1330) nm receiver. The fibre optic transceiver module includes two sections: the transmitter section utilises a multiple quantum well 1330(1270) nm DFB laser and is a category 1 laser compliant based on International Safety Standard IEC 60825; the receiver section uses a built-in 1270(1330) nm detector preamplifier (IDP) mounted within an optical header along with a limit.

Modules like GBIC have special working functions for example attaching the Ethernet network and also the fibre optic network. GBIC means gigabit interface converter, and is an optic used with one plug in an Ethernet port and the other plug for connecting fibre patch cords. GBICs are hot pluggable, which offer you the capability to mix one type of interface with another without having to turn off. Optical power and wavelengths, working distance, and transmission velocity determine the particular groups that GBIC modules are put in.

New generation GBIC modules are thought to be the SFP transceivers. Short for small form-factor pluggable, SFP modules will also be hot pluggable optics. Hot pluggable transceivers tend to be simpler to keep up and change in comparison to basic interface modules. Items like Cisco SFP transceivers tend to be smaller and are only about half how big GBIC optics. These modules send rates that vary from 100 Mbps to about 4+ Gbps, while SFP+ modules can send rates of 10 Gbps. You will find that these modules transmit as much as 120+ kilometres right down to about 500 metres.

Optics such as XENPAK are known to be the largest of the fibre optic transceiver module. There’s a large range of XENPAK modules that function with different lines including copper line, multimode optical fiber line and single mode optical fibre line. Multimode fibres function at a distance of up to 300 metres while typical copper lines operate as much as about 15 metres. Most single mode modules span as much as 80km at maximum. Produced first underneath the Multi-Source Agreement were these 10Gbps pluggable fibre optic transceiver module.

Whatever type of fibre optic transceiver module you are in looking for the market, you should know that you’re consistently getting items that are made under the highest standards possible. Depending on your fibre optic networking experience, you might be in the market for other technical things like fibre patch cords and fibre media converters which are also easily purchased. With today’s technology, you are able to count on optical modules and all other fiber optic products to continue to determine advancements, becoming faster and better.

NASA and Astro Technology collaborate to Develop Offshore Fiber-Optic Tehnology

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It is recorded that the Houston-based Astro Technology Inc. and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has cooperated and developed a new fiber optic monitoring system this year on two oil platforms offshore West Africa.

The new system Tendon Tension Monitoring System (TTMS) utilizes a fiber optic strain gauge system and a series of sensor clamps to measure the tension on subsea risers and pipelines. It is installed in March on two platforms at the Okume complex for Hess Corporation’s subsidiary Hess-Equatorial Guinea.

According to Nasa, the system can sense any stresses along the platform’s four legs and streams the data in real time, allowing operators to make alterations required to maintain platform’s stability.

During the offshore research, the team attached 16 clamps to two separate drill platforms by commercial divers, using fiber optic cables to send real-time data streaming to a control room on each drill platform.

Astro Technology is specialized in instrumentation and monitoring technologies with a focus on real-time fiber optic sensory systems for oil and gas, has successfully used fiber optic monitoring systems at depths of up to 7,500 feet. This technology was developed as a result of a space Act Agreement, which permits NASA to partner with outside organizations to bring NASA expertise, assets or information to a wide community. Space Act Agreement, which date back to 1958, allows NASA to work with a broad spectrum of partners from all public and private sector discipline, according to NASA’s website.

Nasa chief technologist, Mason Peck, said: “What we learn from testing this technology on the oil platforms will benefit a broad range of terrestrial and space applications, and shows Nasa’s technology investments support America’s future in space and improve our lives here on Earth.”

Published by FiberStore, industry news – www.fs.com

Fluke Networks Introduced New Versiv Familiy Cable Certification

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Network test and monitoring solutions provider Fluke Network recently unveiled a new line of Versiv cable certification tester, which greatly improved the test time and accuracy as well as simplified the testing setup, planning, and reporting. This new line has an interchangeable module for copper, fibre and Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) testing with new software innovations.

The new Versiv family addresses the entire certification lifecycle and lower instances in which mistakes are made, thereby increasing the amount of installations that can be performed. The new ProjX management system provides the overall umbrella for the Versivfamily of capabilities. It enables team leaders to set up test parameters to work across multiple jobs and media, as well as accelerates the planning and setup of projects by enabling technicians to capture consistent test parameters across an entire job. Test can be also performed across the entire job or switching between jobs by checking the different projects stored within the Versiv tester.

Versiv system’s interface is designed for ease of use in global ISO Level V test compliance applications. The tester is interfaced with an intuitive touchscreen which will give the detailed project analysit. If technicians run into a problem that can’t be addressed immediately, they can create a to-do list so it can be assessed by a more experienced technician. The new Versiv Cabling Certification family lets installer perform:

  • One platform for copper certification, fibre loss and OTDR testing
  • Certifies to Level V accuracy requirements for Cat6, Cat6A or Class FA
  • Test fibres with fully-compliant Encircled Flux measurement and merged Tier 1 (Basic) and Tier 2 (Extended) results
  • Versiv’s ProjX management system makes managing complex jobs easy.
  • Certify copper to Cat6A or Class FA in just 10 seconds.
  • Certify two fibres at two wavelengths in both directions in just three seconds

“When doing cabling installation and certification, the difference between having a job be profitable versus a loss, is often times just a few percentage points,” said Jason Wilbur, vice president and general manager of the datacom cabling installation business unit at Fluke Networks, via a press release. “In 2004, we defined the certification market with the introduction of our industry leading tester, the DTX, which was focused on certification testing speed. But today’s challenges have changed and our customers must improve their agility and reduce errors when working across multiple mediums, codes, and projects. The Versiv family is razor focused on helping our contractors profitably manage the complexities that are now part of their new normal.”

This new Versiv Cabling Certification family will shortly be available at FS.COM.

Multiplex Your Fiber By Using CWDM Or DWDM

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Using a WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) for expanding the capacity of the fiber to carry multiple client interfaces is a highly advisable way as the physical fiber optic cabling is not cheap. As WDM widely used you must not unfamiliar with it, it is a technology that combines several streams of data/storage/video or voice protocols on the same physical fiber-optic cable, by using several wavelengths (frequencies) of light with each frequency carrying a different type of data.

Two types of WDM architecture available: Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). CWDM/DWDM multiplexer and demultiplexerand OADM (Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer) are common fit in with Passive. With the use of optical amplifiers and the development of the OTN (Optical Transport Network) layer equipped with FEC (Forward Error Correction), the distance of the fiber optical communication can reach thousands of Kilometers without the need for regeneration sites.

CWDM
CWDM, each CWDM wavelength typically supports up to 2.5Gbps and can be expanded to 10Gbps support. The CWDM is limited to 16 wavelengths and is typically deployed at networks up to 80Km since optical amplifiers cannot be used due to the large spacing between channels. CWDM uses a wide spectrum and accommodates eight channels. This wide spacing of channels allows for the use of moderately priced optics, but limits capacity. CWDM is typically used for lower-cost, lower-capacity, shorter-distance applications where cost is the paramount decision criteria.

The CWDM Mux/Demux (or CWDM multiplexer/demultiplexer) is often a flexible plug-and-play network solution, which helps insurers and enterprise companies to affordably implement denote point or ring based WDM optical networks. CWDM Mux/demux is perfectly created for transport PDH, SDH / SONET, ETHERNET services over WDM, CWDM and DWDM in optical metro edge and access networks. CWDM Multiplexer Modules can be found in 4, 8 and 16 channel configurations. These modules passively multiplex the optical signal outputs from 4 too much electronic products, send on them someone optical fiber and after that de-multiplex the signals into separate, distinct signals for input into gadgets across the opposite end for your fiber optic link.

Typically CWDM solutions provide 8 wavelengths capability enabling the transport of 8 client interfaces over the same fiber. However, the relatively large separation between the CWDM wavelengths allows expansion of the CWDM network with an additional 44 wavelengths with 100GHz spacing utilizing DWDM technology, thus expanding the existing infrastructure capability and utilizing the same equipment as part of the integrated solution.

DWDM
DWDM is a technology allowing high throughput capacity over longer distances commonly ranging between 44-88 channels/wavelengths and transferring data rates from 100Mbps up to 100Gbps per wavelength.

DWDM systems pack 16 or more channels into a narrow spectrum window very near the 1550nm local attenuation minimum. Decreasing channel spacing requires the use of more precise and costly optics, but allows for significantly more scalability. Typical DWDM systems provide 1-44 channels of capacity, with some new systems, offering up to 80-160 channels. DWDM is typically used where high capacity is needed over a limited fiber resource or where it is cost prohibitive to deploy more fiber.

The DWDM multiplexer/demultiplexer Modules are made to multiplex multiple DWDM channels into one or two fibers. Based on type CWDM Mux/Demux unit, with optional expansion, can transmit and receive as much as 4, 8, 16 or 32 connections of various standards, data rates or protocols over one single fiber optic link without disturbing one another.

Ultimately, the choice to use CWDM or DWDM is a difficult decision, first we should understand the difference between them clearly.

CWDM vs DWDM
CWDM scales to 18 distinct channels. While, DWDM scales up to 80 channels (or more), allows vastly more expansion. The main advantage of CWDM is the cost of the optics which is typically 1/3rd of the cost of the equivalent DWDM optic. CWDM products are popular in less precision optics and lower cost, less power consumption, un-cooled lasers with lower maintenance requirements. This difference in economic scale, the limited budget that many customers face, and typical initial requirements not to exceed 8 wavelengths, means that CWDM is a more popular entry point for many customers.

Buying CWDM or DWDM is driven by the number of wavelengths needed and the future growth projections. If you only need a handful of waves and use 1Gbps optics, CWDM is the way to go. If you need dozens of waves, 10Gbps speeds, DWDM is the only option.